.vob File — DVD Video Object

VOB (Video Object) is the core data format of DVD-Video discs, containing multiplexed MPEG-2 video, audio (AC3/Dolby Digital, DTS, PCM, or MPEG audio), subtitle streams (bitmap-based), and navigation data. VOB files are found in the VIDEO_TS folder of DVD discs and typically have names like VTS_01_1.VOB for video title sets. Each VOB file is limited to 1 GB due to the UDF filesystem specification used on DVDs. The format supports multiple audio tracks (for different languages), multiple subtitle streams, multi-angle video, and parental control levels. VOB files may be protected by CSS (Content Scramble System) encryption on commercial DVDs. Structurally, VOB files are MPEG-2 program streams with additional DVD-specific private streams for subtitles and navigation packets. While the DVD format is declining, billions of DVDs exist worldwide, and VOB files are commonly encountered when backing up DVD collections. VOB files can be played directly by most media players and transcoded to modern formats using DVD ripping software like HandBrake or MakeMKV.