ls
List directory contents showing file names, permissions, sizes, and timestamps.
Synopsis
ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Examples
ls -la
ls -lhS /var/log
ls -lt --color=auto
ls -d */
Common options
| Flag | Description |
|---|---|
| -l | Long listing format |
| -a | Include hidden entries starting with . |
| -h | Human-readable sizes (K, M, G) |
| -R | List subdirectories recursively |
| -t | Sort by modification time, newest first |
About ls
The `ls` command list directory contents showing file names, permissions, sizes, and timestamps. File operation commands are essential for navigating and managing the Linux filesystem.
They form the backbone of everyday system administration and development workflows. Mastering these commands enables you to efficiently create, move, copy, and organize files and directories from the terminal, which is often faster and more scriptable than graphical alternatives.
The command accepts 5 commonly used flags shown above, though the full set of options is available in the man page (`man ls`). The 4 examples on this page cover typical real-world usage patterns that you can copy and adapt for your own workflows.
Related commands
More File Operations Commands
Other commands in the File Operations category