SD — Sudan

Sudan is a large Northeast African country at the confluence of the Blue and White Nile rivers in Khartoum, the capital. Once the largest country in Africa before South Sudan's independence in 2011, it remains the third-largest. Sudan's split into two countries required significant updates to geographic and demographic databases worldwide, including changes to the numeric code (from 736 to 729). The Sudanese Pound (SDG) uses Arabic script in its symbol. For developers, the SD country code maps to ar-SD for Sudanese Arabic with RTL support. The .sd domain serves Sudan's web presence, and +249 is the dialing code (South Sudan received +211). Sudan's 2011 partition is a case study in how geopolitical changes affect software systems — population data, geographic boundaries, and economic statistics all had to be retroactively adjusted. Arabic locale support with proper RTL rendering and Arabic-Indic numeral formatting are essential for Sudanese applications.