Symbolic Notation
-rw-rw-r--(as shown by ls -l)-rw-rw-r--
typeownergroupother
Permission Matrix
| Read(4) | Write(2) | Execute(1) | Octal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Owner | r | w | - | 6 |
| Group | r | w | - | 6 |
| Other | r | - | - | 4 |
What Does chmod 664 Mean?
Owner can read, write. Group can read, write. Others can read.
$ chmod 664 filenameCommon Use Cases
Owner and group can read and write; others can read. Common default on systems where the user's primary group is private.
Security Notes
Acceptable when others should be able to read but not write. Be cautious on shared hosting where 'others' includes untrusted users.
Interactive Tool
Need to calculate a custom permission? Use the interactive permissions calculator to toggle individual bits and get instant results.
Unix Permissions Calculator