Symbolic Notation
-rw-r--r--(as shown by ls -l)-rw-r--r--
typeownergroupother
Permission Matrix
| Read(4) | Write(2) | Execute(1) | Octal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Owner | r | w | - | 6 |
| Group | r | - | - | 4 |
| Other | r | - | - | 4 |
What Does chmod 644 Mean?
Owner can read, write. Group can read. Others can read.
$ chmod 644 filenameCommon Use Cases
Owner can read and write; everyone else can only read. The default for most regular files — web pages, configs, documents.
Security Notes
Safe and standard for public-readable files. Ensure the file doesn't contain secrets before using this mode.
Interactive Tool
Need to calculate a custom permission? Use the interactive permissions calculator to toggle individual bits and get instant results.
Unix Permissions Calculator