File Viewing & Editing

uniq

Report or omit repeated lines in sorted input.

Synopsis

syntax
uniq [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]]

Examples

Remove adjacent duplicate lines
sort file.txt | uniq
Count occurrences, show most frequent first
sort file.txt | uniq -c | sort -rn
Show only lines that appear more than once
uniq -d sorted.txt
Case-insensitive unique
sort -f file.txt | uniq -i

Common options

FlagDescription
-cPrefix lines with occurrence count
-dOnly print duplicate lines
-uOnly print unique lines
-iIgnore case when comparing

About uniq

The `uniq` command report or omit repeated lines in sorted input. Text viewing and editing commands are fundamental tools in any Linux user's toolkit.

Linux treats almost everything as a file, so the ability to quickly inspect, filter, transform, and edit file contents from the command line is critical. These commands are regularly combined with pipes and redirects to build powerful data-processing pipelines.

The command accepts 4 commonly used flags shown above, though the full set of options is available in the man page (`man uniq`). The 4 examples on this page cover typical real-world usage patterns that you can copy and adapt for your own workflows.

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