Circled Times ⊗

The Circled Times character (⊗) is a standard HTML entity defined in the HTML specification. In HTML source code, it can be written using the named entity reference ⊗, the decimal numeric character reference ⊗, or the hexadecimal numeric reference ⊗. The character is assigned Unicode code point U+2297 in the Universal Character Set.

The circled times (⊗) represents the tensor product in mathematics, the Kronecker product in linear algebra, and occasionally the XNOR operation. It is a circle containing a multiplication sign and has specific algebraic meaning distinct from regular multiplication.

Symbol entities encompass a wide variety of special characters used in legal disclaimers, intellectual property notices, typographic ornaments, card suit indicators, and miscellaneous notation throughout web content. These characters appear in website footers for copyright notices, product pages for trademark symbols, academic papers for dagger footnote markers, and decorative or gaming contexts for card suits and stars.

When deciding how to encode the Circled Times character in your HTML documents, the named entity ⊗ is generally the most readable choice for developers reviewing or maintaining source code. The decimal form ⊗ and hexadecimal form ⊗ are equally valid alternatives that work in contexts where named entities may not be supported, or when generating HTML output programmatically from server-side code. All three representations produce identical visual output in every modern web browser.

Use the circled times for tensor products (V ⊗ W) in physics and mathematics, Kronecker products in matrix algebra, and XNOR operations. It is essential for quantum mechanics content (tensor product of Hilbert spaces) and advanced linear algebra.