Greek Small Letter Kappa κ

The Greek Small Letter Kappa character (κ) is a standard HTML entity defined in the HTML specification. In HTML source code, it can be written using the named entity reference κ, the decimal numeric character reference κ, or the hexadecimal numeric reference κ. The character is assigned Unicode code point U+03BA in the Universal Character Set.

Kappa is the tenth letter of the Greek alphabet, used in statistics, physics, and engineering. It represents Cohen's kappa coefficient for inter-rater reliability in statistics, thermal conductivity in physics, and the condition number in numerical analysis. Kappa also appears in various physical constants.

Greek letter entities are indispensable for scientific papers, engineering documentation, statistical analyses, and mathematical content published on the web. From physics equations using alpha and omega to statistical formulas featuring sigma and mu, these entities allow content authors to include Greek characters reliably without requiring specialized fonts or complex Unicode input methods on the keyboard.

When deciding how to encode the Greek Small Letter Kappa character in your HTML documents, the named entity κ is generally the most readable choice for developers reviewing or maintaining source code. The decimal form κ and hexadecimal form κ are equally valid alternatives that work in contexts where named entities may not be supported, or when generating HTML output programmatically from server-side code. All three representations produce identical visual output in every modern web browser.

Use the kappa entity in statistics (Cohen's κ for agreement), physics (thermal conductivity κ, curvature), and engineering documentation. It is essential for medical and social science research papers that report inter-rater reliability metrics.