ES — Spain

Spain is a Southern European country on the Iberian Peninsula, known for its diverse cultures, historic cities, Mediterranean beaches, and influential global language. Madrid, the capital, is a major European cultural and business center. Spain has co-official regional languages including Catalan, Basque, Galician, and Valencian. The Euro is the currency. For developers, the ES country code maps to the es-ES locale — the reference Spanish locale, though Mexican and Latin American Spanish variants are actually more widely used globally. The .es domain is well-registered, and +34 is the dialing code. Spain's regional languages create sub-national localization requirements (ca-ES for Catalan, eu-ES for Basque, gl-ES for Galician). Spanish NIE/NIF identification numbers have specific validation algorithms. Spain is a significant tech market with Barcelona as a major European tech hub (hosting Mobile World Congress). The distinction between es-ES and es-419 (Latin American Spanish) is fundamental for proper Spanish localization strategy.