CA — Canada

Canada is the world's second-largest country by area, stretching from the Atlantic to the Pacific and north to the Arctic Ocean. Ottawa is the capital, while Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver are the largest cities. Canada is officially bilingual in English and French, with Quebec being predominantly French-speaking. The Canadian Dollar (CAD) is one of the world's major reserve currencies. For developers, the CA country code maps to both en-CA and fr-CA locales — Canadian English and Canadian French have distinct conventions from their parent languages. The .ca domain is heavily used, and +1 is shared with the United States (differentiated by area codes). Canada's bilingual requirement means applications targeting Canadian users must support both English and French, often as a legal requirement. Date formatting differs between en-CA (Month DD, YYYY) and fr-CA (DD month YYYY). Canadian postal codes follow a unique alphanumeric pattern (A1A 1A1) that requires specific validation. The shared +1 dialing code with the US complicates phone-based country detection.